乃至……

nǎizhì...

even to the extent of... (乃至……)

乃至 means “even / and even to.” It extends the scope from A to a broader or stronger B.

Ejemplo principal

这项技术影响了制造业，乃至整个社会结构。

Zhè xiàng jìshù yǐngxiǎng le zhìzàoyè, nǎizhì zhěnggè shèhuì jiégòu.

This technology affected manufacturing, even the entire social structure.

HSK 7

1 estructuras

20 ejercicios

Resumen de la lección

Read the sample sentence and notice how 乃至…… works in the frame: A，乃至 B.

Explicación

乃至 is formal and used in writing to show progression in scope or degree. Avoid combining it redundantly with 甚至. B should be a higher-level or broader item than A.

Modelos de estructura

1 estructuras

Estructura gramatical

A，乃至 B

extends a list or scope to a further, often stronger item

这项技术影响了制造业，乃至整个社会结构。

Zhè xiàng jìshù yǐngxiǎng le zhìzàoyè, nǎizhì zhěnggè shèhuì jiégòu.

This technology affected manufacturing, even the entire social structure.

Errores frecuentes

Writing 甚至乃至.Choose either 甚至 or 乃至; 乃至 is already emphatic.
Putting a smaller item after 乃至.B should be broader or stronger.

Notas de uso

Formal extension marker.
B is broader/stronger.
Do not combine with 甚至 unnecessarily.

Ejercicios

20 ejercicios

1 / 20

Completa el hueco:

这项技术影响了制造业，____整个社会结构。

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