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yīn... ér...
because of... and therefore... (因……而……)
因 A 而 B means “because of A, therefore B.” It is concise, written, and often used for reasons behind praise, fame, change, or results.
Anchor example
他因工作认真而受到表扬。
Tā yīn gōngzuò rènzhēn ér shòudào biǎoyáng.
He was praised because he worked seriously.
HSK 5
HSK 5
1
1 structures
15
15 exercises
Lesson summary
Read the sample sentence and notice how 因……而…… works in the frame: 因 A 而 B.
因...而... is a compact written pattern. A is often a noun phrase or short verb phrase, and B is the result. Do not add 所以 between 因 and 而. Compared with 由于...而..., 因...而... is shorter and more formal; 由于 can introduce longer or more explanatory causes.
Grammar pattern
因 A 而 B
concisely links a cause with a result in written style
他因工作认真而受到表扬。
Tā yīn gōngzuò rènzhēn ér shòudào biǎoyáng.
He was praised because he worked seriously.
Fill in the blank: