fùcí: yǐjīng
Adverb 已经 (yǐjīng) — already
已经 means “already.” It comes before the verb and usually works with 了 to show that an action or change has happened; the negative is 还没(有), “not yet.”
核心例句
不用等我，我已经吃饭了；他还没到，我们再等一会儿。
Bú yòng děng wǒ, wǒ yǐjīng chī fàn le; tā hái méi dào, wǒmen zài děng yíhuìr.
Don’t wait for me; I’ve already eaten. He hasn’t arrived yet, so let’s wait a bit longer.
HSK 2
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2 个结构
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10 个练习
课程摘要
已经 means “already.” It comes before the verb and usually works with 了 to show that an action or change has happened; the negative is 还没(有), “not yet.”
**What it means:** 已经 is an adverb meaning 'already.' It tells the listener that an action or change has already taken place before the moment of speaking.
**Word order:** Place 已经 directly before the verb phrase: Subject + 已经 + Verb (+ Object) + 了 • 我已经买票了。(I've already bought the ticket.) • 她已经到家了。(She has already arrived home.)
**The 已经……了 combination:** In natural Chinese, 已经 and 了 almost always appear together. 了 here marks that the action is complete. Leaving out 了 is grammatically possible but sounds unnatural in most spoken contexts.
**Asking questions:** Use 了吗 or 了没有 at the end: • 你已经吃饭了吗？(Have you eaten already?) • 他们已经走了没有？(Have they left yet?)
**Negation — the most important rule:** NEVER say 不已经. The negation of 已经 is 还没（有）, which means 'not yet': • 我不已经吃饭。 • 我还没吃饭。(I haven't eaten yet.)
**When not to use 已经:** Do not use 已经 for plans or future events. It only describes things that have already happened. • 我已经明天去北京。 • 我明天去北京。(I'm going to Beijing tomorrow.)
语法句型
Subject + 已经 (already) + Verb Phrase + 了 (completion marker)
Used to say something has already happened or been completed.
我已经买票了，我们可以走了。
Wǒ yǐjīng mǎi piào le, wǒmen kěyǐ zǒu le.
I've already bought the tickets — we can go now.
她已经学了两年汉语了。
Tā yǐjīng xué le liǎng nián Hànyǔ le.
She has already studied Chinese for two years.
爸爸已经回家了，我们开始吃饭吧。
Bàba yǐjīng huí jiā le, wǒmen kāishǐ chīfàn ba.
Dad is already home — let's start eating.
语法句型
Subject + 还没（有）(not yet) + Verb Phrase — negation of 已经
Used to say something has not happened yet. This is the correct negation of 已经 — never use 不已经.
他还没吃饭，你们先吃吧。
Tā hái méi chīfàn, nǐmen xiān chī ba.
He hasn't eaten yet — you all go ahead and eat first.
我还没有做完作业，不能出去玩。
Wǒ hái méiyǒu zuò wán zuòyè, bù néng chūqù wán.
I haven't finished my homework yet — I can't go out to play.
火车还没来，我们在这里等一下吧。
Huǒchē hái méi lái, wǒmen zài zhèlǐ děng yīxià ba.
The train hasn't come yet — let's wait here for a bit.
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