副词：又

又 (yòu) is an adverb that signals repetition of a past or completed action. It always looks backward — something happened before, and now it has happened again.

**Main use — past repetition (Subject + 又 + VP + 了):** Place 又 directly before the verb phrase. The particle 了 usually follows the verb to mark completion. Example: 她又哭了 (She cried again). This is the core use of 又 at HSK2.

**Secondary use — both… and… (又…又… + Adj/VP):** When 又 is repeated before two adjectives (or two verb phrases), it means 'both… and…'. Example: 这个地方又近又便宜 (This place is both close and cheap). This structure can only connect the same word class — two adjectives OR two verbs.

**When not to use 又:** • Do not use 又 for future plans. Say 明天再来 (come again tomorrow), not 明天又来. • Do not use 又 to mean 'still ongoing'. For that, use 还 (e.g., 他还在工作). • Do not mix adjectives and verbs in 又…又… structure.

**又 vs 再 vs 还 (critical distinction):** • 又 = it already happened again (past perspective) • 再 = it will happen again (future perspective) • 还 = it is still happening now (ongoing perspective)