HSK5 Grammar

Use 尽管 A，仍然 B to say that B remains true despite the real situation A. It is a formal, clear “although... still...” pattern.

即使 A，也 B means “even if A, still B.” It is often used for hypothetical or difficult conditions.

哪怕 A，也 B means “even if A, still B,” often with stronger emotion or emphasis than 即使.

与其说 A，不如说 B means “rather than A, it is better to say B.” B is the speaker’s preferred and more accurate description.

不是 A，就是 B means “either A or B.” It often describes two repeated or likely possibilities.

要么 A，要么 B means “either A or B.” It is especially common when presenting a decision or two possible actions.

一方面 A，另一方面 B means “on one hand A, on the other hand B.” Use it to show two sides of one issue.

既然 A，就 B means “since A is already true, then B.” It often gives advice or a logical next step.

只要 A，就 B means “as long as A, B.” A is a sufficient condition for B.

只有 A，才 B means “only if A, then B.” A is necessary for B to happen.

除非 A，否则 B means “unless A, otherwise B.” A is the exception to the normal result B.

无论如何 means “in any case” or “no matter what.” It stresses determination or a requirement that will not change.

不仅 A，反而 B means “not only not A, but instead B.” It highlights an opposite result from what people expected.

不但不 A，反而 B means “not only does not A, but instead B.” It is used for strong contrast, often with criticism.

越来越 A means “more and more A.” It describes a change that develops gradually over time.

越 A，越 B means “the more A, the more B.” It connects two related changes.

A 是 B 的两倍 means “A is twice B.” Use it for clear quantity comparison.

不免 means “cannot help but” or “inevitably.” It often describes a natural emotional reaction.

难免 means “hard to avoid.” It is often used for common, understandable problems or results.

未免 means “rather too” or “somewhat too.” It often carries a mild critical tone about degree.

不得不 means “have no choice but to.” It shows pressure from the situation, not personal willingness.

不由得 means “cannot help but” or “involuntarily.” It often describes a spontaneous reaction caused by what someone sees, hears, or feels.

不禁 means “cannot help but.” It is often used for emotions or reactions that naturally arise.

并非 means “not necessarily” or “by no means.” It is a formal way to deny an assumption or oversimplified view.

并未 means “actually did not” or “has not.” It formally corrects an assumption about an action or state.

尚未 means “not yet.” It is more formal than 还没 and is common in notices, reports, and written language.

仍旧 means “still” or “as before.” It emphasizes that something has not changed over time or after a situation changes.

始终 means “from beginning to end” or “all along.” It stresses that a state or attitude stays consistent through an entire period.

从未 means “never before.” It is a formal way to say that something has never happened in past experience.

一向 means “always” or “consistently.” It describes what has generally been true over a long period.

向来 means “always / all along.” It is often used for long-standing attitudes, habits, or reputations.

逐渐 means “gradually.” It emphasizes a slow process of change or development.

纷纷 means “one after another” and often suggests many people actively responding or many things happening in succession.

陆续 means “successively” or “one after another over time.” It is neutral and focuses on order over a period.

先后 means “successively” or “in order.” It highlights that several things happened at different times, one after another.

至今 means “up to now.” It emphasizes that a state, result, memory, or unsolved issue continues into the present.

至少 means “at least.” It gives the minimum amount, time, number, or standard.

至多 means “at most.” It gives an upper limit; the actual amount may be lower.

多达 means “as many as.” It emphasizes a large number, usually countable people or items.

高达 means “as high as.” It emphasizes a surprisingly high level, price, rate, temperature, height, or value.

多亏 means “thanks to.” Use it when a helpful person, action, or condition leads to a positive result.

幸亏 means “fortunately.” It often appears with 否则 or 不然 to show a bad result was avoided.

由于 A 而 B means “because of A, B.” It is formal and often used in reports or explanations.

因 A 而 B means “because of A, therefore B.” It is concise, written, and often used for reasons behind praise, fame, change, or results.

以至于 means “so... that...” or “to the extent that.” It links a high degree or situation with its result.

以致 means “resulting in” or “so that.” It is formal and often introduces a negative consequence.

从 A 起 means “from A onward.” A is the starting point, usually a date, time, or event.

自 A 以来 means “since A.” It emphasizes the whole period from a past event up to now.

对 A 来说 means “for A / as far as A is concerned.” It sets whose standpoint or situation the statement applies to.

对于 A 而言 means “for A / regarding A.” It is formal and often used in analysis or written discussion.

就 A 来说 means “in terms of A.” It narrows the discussion to one aspect before giving an evaluation.

在 A 看来 means “in A’s view.” It introduces whose opinion the following statement represents.

依我看 means “in my opinion / as I see it.” It is personal and often used before a suggestion or judgement.

据 A 统计 means “according to A’s statistics.” Use it when the following statement is based on counted data.

根据 means “according to / based on.” It introduces evidence, rules, data, or sources used for a judgement or decision.

按照 means “according to” when someone follows a rule, plan, instruction, order, or method.

针对 means “targeting” or “in response to.” It is used when an action is aimed at a specific problem, need, risk, or group.

围绕 means “center around.” Use it when a discussion, article, plan, or activity is organized around a main topic.

关于 means “about / regarding.” It simply introduces a topic, often before a discussion, notice, question, or opinion.

至于 means “as for.” It often shifts from one topic to another or sets a topic aside for separate discussion.

由 A 组成 means “be composed of A.” Use it to explain what parts, people, or units make up a whole.

由 A 决定 means “be decided by A.” A can be a person, group, rule, condition, or key factor.

由 A 负责 means “be handled by A.” Use it to assign or state responsibility.

通过 A 实现 B means “achieve B through A.” A is the method or channel; B is the goal or result.

借 A 之机 means “taking the opportunity of A.” It is formal and often used in speeches, notices, and polite statements.

以 A 为准 means “take A as the standard / be subject to A.” It is used when A is the final reference.

在于是否 A means “lies in whether A.” It identifies a yes-or-no condition as the key factor.

关键是 A means “the key is A.” Use it to highlight the most important factor, action, or question.

问题是 A means “the problem is A.” Use it to point out the obstacle that blocks progress.

一来 A，二来 B means “firstly A, secondly B.” It is often used to give two reasons for a choice or opinion.

首先 A，其次 B，最后 C means “first A, next B, finally C.” Use it to organize steps, arguments, or instructions clearly.