PandaBoo
zhǔyǔ
Subject (主语)
The subject (主语) is the topic or 'actor' of a sentence — what the sentence is about. In Chinese, the subject comes before the predicate. It can be a pronoun, a noun, a noun phrase, or even a verb phrase, and it can sometimes be omitted when context makes it clear.
ตัวอย่างหลัก
这件衣服很好看，妈妈要买——两句话，两个主语：一个是物，一个是人。主语不一定是"人"！
Zhè jiàn yīfu hěn hǎokàn, māma yào mǎi — liǎng jù huà, liǎng ge zhǔyǔ: yí ge shì wù, yí ge shì rén. Zhǔyǔ bù yídìng shì 'rén'!
This outfit looks great — Mom wants to buy it. Two sentences, two subjects: one is a thing, one is a person. The subject doesn't have to be a person!
HSK 1
HSK 1
2
2 โครงสร้าง
10
10 แบบฝึกหัด
สรุปบทเรียน
Formula: Subject + Predicate. Meaning: the subject is the person, thing, or topic the sentence is about — it always comes before the predicate in Chinese. Key usage: subjects can be pronouns (他), nouns (衣服), or noun phrases (这个房间). Subject can be dropped in conversation when obvious from context. Model sentences: 衣服很好看。/ 他在看电视。/ 这个房间很干净。
The subject (主语) is the first major component of a Chinese sentence. Everything else in the sentence — the predicate — comments on or describes the subject.
What can be a subject? 1. Personal pronouns: 我, 你, 他, 她, 我们, 你们, 他们 2. Nouns: 衣服很好看 (The clothes look great), 天气很冷 (The weather is cold) 3. Noun phrases with demonstratives: 这个房间很干净, 那本书很贵 4. Proper nouns: names of people or places 5. Number-measure phrases: 三本在桌子上 (Three of them are on the table)
Chinese allows subject-dropping (主语省略) when the subject is clear from context. In conversation: A: 你吃饭了吗？B: 吃了 (not 我吃了 — the 我 is understood).
When NOT to omit the subject: In written Chinese or in formal sentences, the subject is usually kept to avoid ambiguity. In multi-clause sentences, make the subject clear in the first clause.
Important: The subject is NOT always the 'doer' in Chinese. In topic-comment sentences, the subject can be the topic: 这件事我知道 (This matter, I know about it) — 这件事 is the subject/topic but 我 is the doer.
รูปประโยคไวยากรณ์
Noun / Pronoun + Predicate
The most common subject type — a noun or pronoun placed before the predicate.
衣服很好看。
Yīfu hěn hǎokàn.
The clothes look great.
他在看电视。
Tā zài kàn diànshì.
He is watching TV.
รูปประโยคไวยากรณ์
Noun phrase + Predicate
In Chinese, the subject comes before the predicate. Putting the predicate first creates an ungrammatical sentence.
The subject (他) must come first in Chinese, not after the predicate. Chinese word order: Subject + Predicate.
เติมคำในช่องว่าง:
A noun phrase (demonstrative + noun, possessive + noun, etc.) serving as the subject.
这个房间很干净。
Zhège fángjiān hěn gānjìng.
This room is very clean.
我妈妈的手机很新。
Wǒ māma de shǒujī hěn xīn.
My mom's phone is very new.
In Chinese, demonstratives (这个/那个) and possessives (我的) cannot both directly precede the same noun as a subject — choose one or restructure.