zhǐshì dàicí
Demonstrative pronouns (指示代词)
Chinese demonstrative pronouns point to nearby things (这 this, 这里 here, 这些 these) or farther things (那 that, 那里 there, 那些 those). When used before a countable noun, a measure word is usually needed: 这个人, 那本书.
核心例句
这是我的手机，那个是你的——这里有位，那里也有位，你坐哪边？
Zhè shì wǒ de shǒujī, nà ge shì nǐ de — zhèlǐ yǒu wèi, nàlǐ yě yǒu wèi, nǐ zuò nǎ biān?
This is my phone, that one is yours — there's a seat here, and a seat there too. Which side do you want?
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课程摘要
Chinese demonstrative pronouns point to nearby things (这 this, 这里 here, 这些 these) or farther things (那 that, 那里 there, 那些 those). When used before a countable noun, a measure word is usually needed: 这个人, 那本书.
Demonstrative pronouns in Chinese work in pairs: near (这) and far (那). Both can expand into: 这个/那个 (this/that + measure word), 这些/那些 (these/those, plural), 这里/那里 (here/there, location).
Key rule: When 这/那 modifies a countable noun, always add a measure word between them. Say 这个苹果, not 这苹果. The general measure word 个 is the safest choice for people and many objects.
When to use which: 这 is for things physically near you; 那 is for things farther away or things both speakers already know about. In fast speech, 这个 can be used as a filler ('um...' in English) — 这个…我不知道怎么说 (Um… I'm not sure how to say it).
When NOT to use: Do not use 这里/那里 to modify nouns (e.g., *这里人 is wrong). For location, say 这里有人 or 这个地方. Also, 这些/那些 already means plural — never add a number before them.
语法句型
this/that + measure word + noun
Use 这个 or 那个 to point to a specific person or object near or far.
这个座位有人吗？
Zhège zuòwèi yǒu rén ma?
Is this seat taken?
那个包多少钱？
Nàge bāo duōshao qián?
How much is that bag?
这些人都是我的同学。
Zhèxiē rén dōu shì wǒ de tóngxué.
All these people are my classmates.
语法句型
here/there + verb or adjective
这里 and 那里 are location pronouns meaning 'here' and 'there'. They stand alone as subject or object, not as noun modifiers.
这里有厕所吗？
Zhèlǐ yǒu cèsuǒ ma?
Is there a restroom here?
那里太吵了，我们换个地方吧。
Nàlǐ tài chǎo le, wǒmen huàn ge dìfang ba.
It's too noisy over there. Let's find another spot.
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