PandaBoo
wánchéng tài
Completed-action aspect (完成态)
Place 了 directly after a verb to show the action has been completed. Note: 了 marks completion of an action, NOT past tense.
Leitbeispiel
他买了两个面包，然后回家了。
Tā mǎi le liǎng ge miànbāo, rán hòu huí jiā le.
He bought two pieces of bread, then went home.
HSK 1
HSK 1
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2 Strukturen
10
10 Übungen
Lektion im Überblick
了 after a verb marks a completed action (NOT past tense). Negate with 没 and drop 了. Objects after Verb+了 need a quantity or modifier to sound complete.
了 placed after a verb signals that the action has been completed. This is called the completive 了 (动态助词了). Important points:
1. 了 ≠ past tense: Chinese has no tense system. 了 marks completion, which can be in the past, present, or even future context (明天吃了饭再走 = tomorrow, after eating, then leave). 2. The object after Verb+了 is usually accompanied by a quantity or modifier: 买了一本书 (more natural) vs 买了书 (sounds incomplete). 3. To negate: use 没(有) before the verb and DROP 了: 我没吃饭 (NOT 我没吃了饭). 4. Verb+了 mid-sentence signals a completed action BEFORE the next action: 我吃了饭去学校 = After eating, I went to school.
Grammatikmuster
Subject + verb + 了 + (quantity) + object
The action has been completed.
他买了两个面包。
Tā mǎi le liǎng ge miànbāo.
He bought two pieces of bread.
我喝了很多水。
Wǒ hē le hěn duō shuǐ.
I drank a lot of water.
她写了三个汉字。
Tā xiě le sān ge Hànzì.
Füll die Lücke:
She wrote three Chinese characters.
我吃了饭去学校。
Wǒ chī le fàn qù xuéxiào.
After eating, I went to school.
Grammatikmuster
Subject + 没(有) + verb + object (negation — no 了)
The action was NOT completed. Use 没(有) before the verb; 了 is dropped.
我没吃饭。
Wǒ méi chī fàn.
I didn't eat.