时间副词

shíjiān fùcí

Time adverbs (时间副词)

Time adverbs like 马上 (right away), 先 (first), 有时 (sometimes), 在/正/正在 (currently doing) tell you WHEN or in what ORDER something happens. They always come right before the verb they describe.

Contoh utama

老师：你们先打开书，我马上来！学生：他正在打电话呢！

Lǎoshī: Nǐmen xiān dǎkāi shū, wǒ mǎshàng lái! Xuésheng: Tā zhèngzài dǎ diànhuà ne!

Teacher: Open your books first, I'll be right there! Student: He's on the phone right now!

HSK 1

1 struktur

10 latihan

Ringkasan pelajaran

Formula: Subject + time adverb + verb. Key adverbs: 马上 (right away), 先 (first/in sequence), 有时 (sometimes), 正在/在/正 (currently doing). Usage: all time adverbs go BEFORE the verb. Model sentences: 我马上来。/ 你先坐。/ 他正在看书呢。 Never place a time adverb after the verb.

Penerangan

Time adverbs (时间副词) modify verbs and adjectives to indicate timing, sequence, or an ongoing state. In Chinese, they always appear BEFORE the verb — never after.

Key time adverbs at HSK 1: • 马上 (mǎshàng) — right away, immediately. Used for things about to happen: 我马上来。 • 先 (xiān) — first, before other actions. Signals sequence: 你先坐，我去拿水。 • 有时 (yǒushí) — sometimes, occasionally. Describes irregular habits: 我有时去图书馆看书。 • 在/正/正在 (zài/zhèng/zhèngzài) — currently doing (progressive aspect). These three are nearly interchangeable. Adding 呢 at the end emphasizes the ongoing action: 他正在吃饭呢。

When to use which: — Use 马上 when something is about to start (near future) — Use 先 when there is a clear sequence of steps — Use 有时 when describing irregular or occasional habits — Use 正在/在/正 when something is happening RIGHT NOW

When NOT to use: — Do not place a time adverb AFTER the verb: 我来马上 → 我马上来 — Do not use 正在 for habitual or future actions: 我正在每天跑步 → 我每天跑步 — Do not confuse 先 (sequence) with 马上 (urgency/immediacy): 你先去 (you go first — sequence); 你马上去 (go right away — urgency)

Pola Struktur

1 struktur

Pola tatabahasa

Time adverb + predicate

Time adverbs like 马上, 先, 有时, 在/正/正在 come before the verb to indicate timing, order, or an ongoing action.

我马上来。

Wǒ mǎshàng lái.

I'll be right there.

你先坐，我去拿水。

Nǐ xiān zuò, wǒ qù ná shuǐ.

Sit down first — I'll go get some water.

妈妈正在做饭呢。

Māma zhèngzài zuò fàn ne.

Mom is cooking right now.

Kesilapan Lazim

我来马上。我马上来。
Time adverbs must come BEFORE the verb, not after. Never place 马上 or 先 after the verb.
你先喝水吗？你先喝水。
先 is used to give instructions or suggestions about sequence, not to ask a yes/no question. Questions about sequence use 先…还是….

Nota Penggunaan

在/正/正在 are nearly interchangeable for progressive actions. 正在 is the most explicit and common; 正 is slightly more formal; 在 is the most casual. Adding 呢 at the end strengthens the sense of ongoing action.
先 signals that this action happens BEFORE another action in a sequence. It implies 'and then something else will happen.' Example: 你先去，我一会儿来。(You go first, I'll come soon.)
马上 indicates urgency or immediacy — the action is about to happen. It answers the question '什么时候？' (When?) with 'right now/very soon.'

Latihan

10 latihan

1 / 10

Isi tempat kosong:

我___来。（立刻）