HSK3 Grammar

无论……都…… means “no matter what/who/when/whether..., the result is still the same.” Use 都 in the second clause to show that every possible condition leads to the same result.

不管……都…… is the conversational way to say “no matter..., still/all....” It shows the result stays the same under any condition.

既然……就…… means “since this is already true, then....” It connects an accepted fact with a natural decision, suggestion, or result.

尽管……还是…… means “although..., still....” It emphasizes that the second action happens despite a real difficulty.

即使……也…… means “even if..., still....” It often talks about a possible or extreme condition that will not change the result.

除非……否则…… means “unless..., otherwise....” The first clause gives the only condition that can avoid the result in the second clause.

不但……反而…… means “not only did X not happen; the opposite happened instead.” It is used for a result that is contrary to expectation.

不是……而是…… corrects one idea and gives the real one: “not A, but B.” It is used to clarify identity, reason, or the real focus.

一边……一边…… means two actions happen at the same time. Both actions should be ongoing and done by the same subject in the basic pattern.

一方面……另一方面…… presents two sides of a situation: two reasons, two advantages, or a conflict between two ideas.

不仅……还…… adds a second point on top of the first: “not only A, but also B.” The second point is usually stronger, extra, or more important.

不光……也…… means “not only..., also....” It often adds another person, thing, or situation that shares the same fact.

Use 先是……然后…… to describe two stages in time: first one situation/action, then another. It is more narrative than simple 先……再…… and often describes how something developed.

从……到…… marks a range, route, or time span: from one point to another. It can describe time, place, lessons, prices, or other ordered ranges.

对……感兴趣 means “to be interested in....” The topic of interest goes after 对, and 感兴趣 comes after it.

对……有影响 means “to have an effect/influence on....” The affected person or thing follows 对.

把……当作…… means “treat/regard A as B.” The person or thing being viewed goes after 把; the role or identity goes after 当作.

被……所…… is a more formal passive pattern. It is often used with verbs about feelings, influence, attraction, acceptance, or discovery.

随着…… introduces a changing background: as one thing changes, another thing changes too.

通过…… introduces the method, channel, experience, or process used to reach a result. It answers “by what means?” or “through what experience?”

按照…… means “according to / following....” It is used when you act based on a rule, plan, order, method, request, or instruction.

由于…… gives a reason or cause, often in a slightly formal or written tone. It is close to 因为, but more common in notices, reports, and careful explanations.

关于…… introduces the topic being discussed: “about / regarding....” It can appear before a noun phrase or at the beginning of a sentence to set the topic.

至于…… shifts to another topic or subtopic: “as for....” It is used after something has already been mentioned, then you turn to another related point.

根据…… introduces the basis, evidence, data, or source for a judgment or action. It answers “based on what?”

对于…… introduces the object of an attitude, opinion, evaluation, or concern: “regarding / toward / for....” It is often more formal than 对.

为了…… expresses purpose or benefit: “in order to / for the sake of....” It can be followed by a verb phrase or a noun.

趁…… means “take advantage of the time/opportunity while....” It is used when a good condition is temporary, so you should act before it changes.

连续 means actions or states happen one after another without a break: “consecutively / in a row.” It often appears before a time or quantity phrase.

不断 means “continuously / constantly.” It emphasizes repeated action or ongoing change without stopping.

逐渐 means “gradually.” It describes a change that happens step by step over time, not suddenly.

终于 means “finally / at last.” It is used after waiting, effort, difficulty, or a long process.

仍然 means “still.” It emphasizes that a state or action continues despite time passing or a changed situation.

依然 also means “still,” but often has a more written or emotional feeling than 仍然. It suggests something remains as before.

确实 means “indeed / truly.” It confirms that something is real or agrees with a previous judgment.

尤其 means “especially.” It highlights one item, person, aspect, or example from a larger group.

大概 means “probably” or “about.” It shows an estimate, not exact information.

差不多 means “almost,” “about,” or “roughly the same.” It can estimate time/quantity or compare similarity.

至少 means “at least.” It gives the minimum number, amount, time, or requirement.

最多 gives an upper limit: “at most / no more than.” It is used before a number, amount, time, or capacity.

几乎 means “almost / nearly.” It shows something is very close to being true, complete, or total, but not 100%.

简直 is an emphatic adverb meaning “simply / practically / almost like.” It strengthens a surprising or extreme description.

到底 in questions adds urgency, curiosity, or impatience: “on earth / exactly.” It can also mean “in the end” when asking about the final result.

到底……还是…… asks someone to choose clearly between two possibilities. 到底 adds pressure to get the final or real answer.

难怪 means “no wonder.” Use it when you have just learned the reason for something and now the result makes sense.

原来 can mean “so it turns out” when you discover new information, or “originally / formerly” when talking about the past.

其实 means “actually / in fact.” It introduces the real situation, often correcting an assumption or adding honest information.

当然 means “of course / naturally.” It shows that something is expected, reasonable, or easy to agree with.

千万 strongly reminds, warns, or urges someone: “be sure to” or “definitely do not.” It often appears with 别/不要 for warnings.

可 often emphasizes a statement (“really / quite”) or introduces a contrast similar to “but.”

连……都…… emphasizes an extreme or surprising case: “even...”. The item after 连 is often the least expected one.

把……给…… brings the object forward and shows it is given, shown, sent, or handed to someone.

把……成…… shows that A is changed, described, translated, or treated as B. 成 marks the resulting state or identity.

把……完 emphasizes completing an action on a specific object. The verb must be followed by 完.

被……了 marks a passive event with a completed result. It often describes an unwanted or noticeable change.

让/叫/使 + 人 + 动词 expresses causing, letting, or asking someone to do something. 让 and 叫 are common in speech; 使 is more formal and often means “make/cause.”

使……感到…… is a formal pattern meaning “make someone feel....” The feeling follows 感到.

值得 means “be worth doing.” It is followed by a verb phrase or short action such as 一看, 一读, 去, 学习.

值得……的 modifies a noun: “a ... worth doing/trusting/celebrating.” The 的 links the worth-doing phrase to the noun.

Verb + 上 can show closing/attaching/putting on, or reaching a successful contact/result depending on the verb.

Complement 下 is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 下".

Complement 出来 is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 出来".

Complement 起来 is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 起来".

Complement 下去 is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 下去".

Complement 过来 is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 过来".

Complement 过去 is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 过去".

Can/cannot do anymore is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 得/不 + 了".

Can/cannot move is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 得/不 + 动".

Can/cannot afford is a HSK3 complement used with the structure "动词 + 得/不 + 起".

Verb + 得/不 + 到 shows whether an action can reach, find, get, hear, or see its target.

Verb + 得/不 + 清楚 shows whether someone can perceive or express something clearly.

越发 means “increasingly / even more,” showing a state becomes stronger as a situation develops.

格外 means “especially / particularly,” highlighting a quality stronger than usual.

十分 means “very / extremely,” a degree adverb often slightly more formal than 很.

相当 means “quite / rather / fairly,” showing a noticeable degree.

显得 means “seem / appear,” usually based on an outward situation, appearance, or context.

看起来 means “looks / seems,” based mainly on what you see.

听起来 means “sounds / seems from hearing,” based on something heard.

算是 means “can be considered / count as,” often giving a cautious or approximate judgment.

所谓 means “so-called,” introducing a term, concept, or common label the speaker wants to define, explain, or question.

作为 introduces someone’s role, identity, or function: “as / in the capacity of....” It tells from what position or role a statement is made.