HSK6 Grammar

固然...但是... concedes that A is true, then shifts to a more important contrast. It sounds formal and argumentative.

诚然...但是... means “it is true that..., but....” It is formal and often used in essays or serious discussion.

尽管如此 means “even so.” It refers back to the previous situation and introduces a contrasting result.

即便 A，也 B is a formal “even if A, still B.” It is close to 即使 but slightly more written.

哪怕 A，也要 B means “even if A, still must B.” It strongly expresses determination or principle.

与其 A，倒不如 B means “rather than A, it would be better to B.” B is the recommended alternative.

宁愿 A，也不愿 B means “would rather A than B.” It shows a strong preference or principle.

不是 A，而是说 B means “not A, but what I mean is B.” It clarifies the speaker’s intended point.

并非 A，而是 B means “not A, but B.” It is formal and corrective.

之所以 A，关键在于 B means “the key reason why A lies in B.” It highlights the decisive cause.

无非是 means “nothing more than / merely.” It simplifies the real reason or nature of something.

莫过于 means “nothing surpasses...” It is used to highlight the most important, greatest, or most fitting example.

不得而知 means “cannot be known.” It is formal and often used when facts, reasons, or effects are still unclear.

可见 means “it can be seen that.” It introduces a conclusion based on the evidence just mentioned.

由此看来 means “from this it appears that.” It draws an inference from previous evidence, often with some caution.

由此可知 means “from this we can know that.” It introduces a more definite conclusion based on prior evidence.

总的来说 means “generally speaking / overall.” It gives a broad summary or overall evaluation.

归根结底 means “in the final analysis.” It points to the deepest reason or essential conclusion.

从某种意义上说 means “in a certain sense.” It limits a statement to a particular angle of interpretation.

换言之 means “in other words.” It restates the previous idea more clearly or directly.

值得一提的是 means “what is worth mentioning is.” Use it to add an important detail that should not be overlooked.

更不用说 means “not to mention.” It is used after a weaker point to add something even more difficult or unlikely.

何尝不是 means “isn’t it also...?” It rhetorically affirms that something can indeed be seen in another way.

岂不是 means “wouldn’t it be...?” It rhetorically points out an obvious or undesirable result.

难道不是 A 吗 means “isn’t A true?” It is a rhetorical question expecting agreement.

与此同时 means “at the same time.” It connects two simultaneous actions, trends, or aspects.

与之相比 means “compared with that.” 之 refers back to the previous item or situation.

相比之下 means “by comparison.” It introduces a contrasting evaluation after one item has been described.

相对而言 means “relatively speaking.” It presents an evaluation as comparative, not absolute.

反过来 means “conversely.” It reverses the direction of a relationship or argument.

不然的话 means “otherwise.” It is often used in spoken or explanatory contexts to warn of a consequence.

否则就 means “otherwise will.” It is direct and often used in rules, warnings, and requirements.

以防 means “in case / to prevent.” It is used before a possible risk that one wants to guard against.

以免造成 means “to avoid causing.” It is followed by a negative consequence such as loss, misunderstanding, accident, or impact.

致使 means “result in / cause.” It is formal and usually introduces an undesirable consequence.

促使 means “prompt / drive.” It often introduces an active response or change caused by pressure, demand, or conditions.

迫使 means “force to.” It emphasizes strong external pressure and a lack of real choice.

使 B 得以 C means “enable B to C.” It is formal and often used for positive realization or possibility.

令 B 感到 C means “make B feel C.” It is formal and often used for emotions or evaluations.

将 B 视为 C means “regard B as C.” It is formal and often used in policy, management, and analysis.

将 B 归因于 C means “attribute B to C.” It is formal and often used in analysis, reports, and academic discussion.

被誉为 means “be praised as.” It is used for honorable or positive titles, not ordinary names.

被视为 means “be regarded as.” It is formal and neutral, used for evaluations or interpretations.

被归类为 means “be classified as.” It emphasizes formal category or classification.

以 A 为核心 means “take A as the core.” It marks the central element around which everything is organized.

以 A 为前提 means “take A as the premise.” A is a necessary condition before the action or judgement is valid.

以 A 为依据 means “take A as the basis.” A is evidence, data, rule, or reliable reference.

以 A 为目标 means “take A as the goal.” A is what the action or plan aims to achieve.

以 A 为导向 means “be oriented toward A.” A guides the direction of design, reform, policy, or development.

基于 means “based on.” It introduces the basis, information, observation, or analysis supporting a decision.

鉴于 means “in view of.” It is formal and often introduces the reason for an official decision or measure.

出于 means “out of.” It explains the motive or intention behind someone’s action.

本着 means “in the spirit of / following the principle of.” It introduces a guiding principle or attitude.

就 A 来看 means “judging from A.” It gives an evaluation based on a specific angle or evidence.

从 A 角度出发 means “from the perspective of A.” It emphasizes the standpoint from which a decision or judgement starts.

在 A 层面上 means “at the level of A.” It is used to analyze a problem by level or dimension.

在 A 背景下 means “against the background of A.” It gives the broader context in which something happens.

在 A 前提下 means “under the premise of A.” A is a condition that must be satisfied first.

在 A 范围内 means “within the scope/range of A.” It sets a boundary for what can be done or judged.

有关 A 的问题 means “issues concerning A.” It is formal and often used in reports, meetings, and policy discussion.

面临着 means “be facing.” It is used for challenges, pressure, risks, choices, or difficult situations that currently confront someone or something.

承担着 means “be bearing/undertaking.” It is used with responsibilities, obligations, missions, and tasks.

体现出 means “reflect/embody.” It links an observable detail to an underlying quality or value.

表明 means “indicate/show that.” It is used when evidence, data, facts, or results support a conclusion.

意味着 means “means/signifies.” It connects a fact, choice, or change with its implication or consequence.

这意味着 means “this means that.” 这 refers back to the previous fact, and the following clause explains its implication.

无疑是 means “is undoubtedly.” It strongly affirms an evaluation, identity, or conclusion.